СУБЪЕКТИВНОСТЬ И ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ В ИСТОРИИ И ФИЛОСОФИИ КУЛЬТУРЫ

ИСТОРИЯ европейской СУБЪЕКТИВНОСТИ МИШЕЛЯ ФУКО

Ю.П.Зарецкий

Возможно, наша сегодняшняя проблема заключается в открытии того, что Я — не более, чем исторический коррелят технологии, возникшей в определенный момент нашей истории.

Возможно, проблема в том, чтобы изменить эту технологию.

Мишель Фуко

The paper approaches Michel Foucault’s studies on the history of European subjectivity from historiographical perspective by placing his writings in a broader context of historical and cultural studies of the nineteenth-twentieth centuries. Starting with the statement of the aim of the project and difficulties in reaching it the paper turns to historiographical overview of the topic, to the main characteristics of Foucault as a historian, and then to the central part of the discussion: Foucault’s genealogy of the European subject. This section draws attention to the principal novelty of his approach to the topic, to the shift in his methodology in its study that occurred in the early 1980’s, to the main historical transformation of the European subject from Antiquity to Modernity traced in his studies, and finally to some parallels between Foucault and Burckhardt. The concluding part of the paper summarizes Foucault’s reflections on possible new forms of subjectivity.